The Quintessence of Human Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Quintessence of Human Nature - Essay Example A few people regarded that people are fundamentally shrewd. Hobbes accepted that the condition of nature was so ghastly, and individuals in their normal state so degenerate, that any type of government was desirable over it (119). In this manner, Hobbes contradicted any insurgency in any sort, not on the grounds that he guesses that lords oversee by outright right but since he accepted that tyrant governments were required to monitor human beings’ most exceedingly awful driving forces (119). Hobbes featured in his hypothesis that the regular condition of humankind is war, by which he implies not really outfitted clash yet a battle in which each person’s interests are characteristically restricted to everybody else’s (119). In such a state, Hobbes depicted human instinct as singular, poor, terrible, brutish and short (119). Hobbes focused on that men have no delight, however despite what might be expected, a lot of wretchedness, in keeping organization where there is no capacity to over-stunningness them every one of the (121). Moreover, he guesses that each man believes that his buddy should esteem him at a similar degree he sets upon himself, and upon all indications of scorn, or underestimating, in a general sense tries, the extent that he sets out which in the midst of them have no normal capacity to keep them quiet and that power however is extraordinary enough for men to decimate one another, to coerce an unrivaled incentive from his faultfinders, by damage to others for example (121). Hobbes additionally refered to the three chief variables of squabble that the idea of man has and these are contention, modesty and the drive for magnificence (121). The feeling of contention drives men to attack for gain; they additionally utilize the utilization of brutality to make themselves the bosses of different men’s people, spouses, kids and cows. Despite what might be expected, the rule of modesty features that men rule others for their security; thus, they use antagonistic vibe toward safeguard themselves. Then again, the drive for loftiness persuades a man to conquer another for notoriety; fundamentally, they use hostility for wastes of time, for example, a word, a grin, a different sentiment and some other indication of underestimate, either direct in their people, or by appearance in their related, their companions, their country, their calling or their name (Hobbes 121). Much the same as Hobbes, the Chinese scholar Hsun accepts that man’s nature is essentially underhanded (100). Hsun considered Confucian to be as crucial in light of the fact that they controlled and diverted humanity’s intrinsic air towards abhorrent (100). In addition, he accepted that exacting control could make people great regardless of their normal tendencies. He additionally contended that people must be constrained into integrity by severe laws and cruel punishments for rebellion (100). Man’s nature is malevolent an d the integrity is the aftereffect of cognizant movement; the idea of man is to such an extent that he is brought into the world with an affection for benefit and in the event that he revels this affection, it will lead man into quarreling and strife, and all feeling of kindness and quietude will evaporate (Hsun 100-101). He is brought into the world with sentiments of hatred and severe dislike, and on the off chance that he revels these, they will guide him into brutality and wrongdoing, and all feeling of devotion and great confidence will vanish (Hsun 101). Man is brought into the world with the wants of the eyes and the ears, with an affection for excellent sights and sounds; on the off chance that he revels these, they will lead him into permit and wickedness, and every single custom rule and right structures

Nutrition Final Exam Study Guide Essay Example for Free

Nourishment Final Exam Study Guide Essay Understanding Disease Risk Factors Portray the contrasts between an interminable ailment and irresistible sickness. What driving reasons for death are nourishment related? A) heart ailments, diseases, strokes, diabetes Depict the idea of a hazard factor. A) Factors known to be identified with infections, however have not yet demonstrated to be a reason. We state that a specific factor puts us at expanded hazard for an ailment, however doesn't cause it. How can one use hazard factors? Survey the fundamentals of cardiovascular sickness and atherosclerosis. Be prepared to recognize the hazard factors for cardiovascular malady (particularly diet-related hazard factors!) A) High LDL blood cholesterol, low HDL blood cholesterol, (hypertension), diabetes, weight (focal stoutness), physical idleness, cigarette smoking, diet: high immersed or trans fats, low veggies, low natural products, low entire grains Describe the dietary procedures to diminish danger of CVD through eating routine. A) Decrease soaked and trans fat, increment solvent fiber admission, increment leafy foods, increment entire grains/decline refined grains, increment fish consumption (2 servings/week) What is the TLC diet and what does it involve? A) TLC = Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes. From the NIH, intended to help decline cholesterol through eating regimen and way of life changes: similar changes we found in table 11.6, additionally suggests 2 grams for each day of plant sterols What do plant sterols have to do with high blood cholesterol? A) Plant sterols †the plant type of cholesterol. Marginally artificially extraordinary, keep us from engrossing cholesterol in the digestion tracts, as of now just suggested for those with elevated cholesterol Weight Management What is implied by the idea of ‘energy balance’? An) Intake = yield ïÆ' weight support Admission yield ïÆ' weight reduction Admission yield ïÆ' weight gain What is the centrality of BMI? See outline on page 3 of (Module 10 Part 1) What is the danger of being overweight or hefty? What are the scopes of BMI? (Know the numbers. What is solid? Underweight? Overweight?) An) Underweight 18.5 Typical = 18.5 †24.9 Overweight = 25 †29.9 Corpulent (class I) = 30 †34.9 Corpulent (class II) = 35 †39.9 Amazingly hefty (class III) 40 What are the options in contrast to BMI for anticipating wellbeing status? A) Men 12-20% ‘normal’, 5-10% for competitors, 22% 35%

My experience of significant stressor Assignment

My experience of critical stressor - Assignment Example Frenzy is one result of an upsetting circumstance that numbs down any practical precise reactions and beating it tends to be a test in itself. I was to get a nearby departure from Bali to Jakarta and afterward fly back home through a worldwide one. I showed up at the air terminal on schedule and since there was time left for the loading up side to open, I wound up perusing a book on a close by seat. Time passed by and I was so devoured in the book that the loading up opened and I was unable to monitor time. I continued taking a gander at the work area side yet since there was no sign set up, I botched my opportunity to get the ticket. At the point when I saw that a horrendous parcel of time had passed by and I checked with the fundamental counter, I was informed that the flights loading up was presently shut and I had n choice yet to sit tight for the following flight accessible. I froze and my heart beat went up. My stomach began to agitate in an awkward way and I had no clue what to do. Indeed, even in a cooled air terminal, I had a feeling that I was perspiring and my palms were wet. My breathing was high and being dumbfounded, I felt hopeless. I accumulated enough boldness to have some water and quiet my nerves. In the wake of settling down, I went to the assistance community to request the rundown of flights yet tragically there were none accessible since it was an end of the week and the flights were full. My quick reaction was to illuminate my family back home and afterward to set myself up for the postponement. I figured out how to email my dad about what had occurred and afterward I continued checking the assistance work area to check whether any flights had seats accessible. I figured out how to get a trip to Jakarta however the circumstance that was made around then was a remarkable one. The pressure that I looked during when the woman at the assistance work area educated me that there were no accessible seats for the following two days was unexplainable. In the wake of freezing for some time, I wound up intuition plainly and carrying on in like manner as opposed to surrendering and taking an off base

Burj Khalifa in Dubai Engineering Research Assignment - 825 Words

Burj Khalifa in Dubai Engineering Research Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: Students name:Instructor:Course name:DateBurj Khalifa in DubaiIntroductionThe Burj Khalifa tower is known to be the tallest building in the world. It is in Downtown Burj Dubai, and it is about 830 meters high, covering an area of almost 280 thousand square meters with over 160 floors within the structure. The project began on 6/1/2004 and came to an end on 1/10/2009, but it was officially opened on 4/1/2010 as a project of mixed-use developments in the United Arab Emirates. The government's principal aim of coming up with the building was to attain multiplicity in the countrys economy and also to achieve the international fame of the country worldwide (Goldsworthy 45). The building was designed by the great architect Adrian Smith and the great structural engineer Bill Baker, who together assimilated the pattern of the Islamic architecture to produce a modified design of Burj Khalifa. It as a buttress based design to anchor the extraordinary height of the structure an d also an insulating system to cover up the countrys high temperatures in the summer season. Burj Khalifa building is installed with over 50 elevators plus some escalators to convey people at different floors within the building.Architectural designThe major design idea of the building is a triaxial geometry with a spiraling pattern that mimics the spiraling pattern system of the grand mosque in Samarra with a broad base and a narrow top. Its Y-Shape design allows for natural illumination inside the building during the daytime. The structure has a continuous decreasing trend in the cross-sectional length from floor to floor as it ascends upwards towards the clouds (Kallen 67). It has a core buttress system that is made up of hexagonal base supported with an auxiliary buttress that gives it a tri-axial shape thus anchoring the building firm on the ground. The wall is made of the high-performance concrete with significant strength and stability. The corridors of each floor extend from the central core and ends at the wings of the building with various unique patterns. The building has a spire constructed of structural steel that weighs an average weight of more than 4500 tons while the core pinnacle pipe averages 360tons.The interior is decorated with artworks that consist of cymbals that are made of bronze and brass alloys resembling all the nations in the whole universe. The insulation mechanism is designed to control the extraordinarily high temperatures during the summer season in Dubai. It is made of extensive reflective glazing reinforced with stainless steel spandrel plates, aluminium, and perpendicular hollow flippers. The cladding process in the outer phase of the structure was done using over 25000 glass panes. The glass work protects or controls the natural heat and light penetrating through into the building. The building is installed with over 59 elevators and escalators conveying people in various floors within the structure at an impressive speed of about 11meters per seconds both upwards and downwards. The building has both the single and double deck elevators. However, the triple deck elevator is still in progress. The elevators are designed using LCD displays to relieve the feeling of monotony during the conveyance period, especially from the ground floor to the topmost floor.The major framework of the Burj Khalifa building is highly supported with high-performance concrete. During the construction of the uppermost towers, the engineers had to depend on the great work of Putzmeister, who came up with the supersonic concrete pump trailer that could pump the very large amount of concrete mixture over great distance vertically. It was also used to lift the heavy stainless steels to the uppermost floor for the construction of the spire though the very topmost section was constructed using a less heavy stainless steels.The foundation of Burj Khalifa building was constructed using a large and heavy amount of concrete with heavy and durable stainless steels for reinforcement of the platform. The average amount of concrete used in the construction of the foundation alone was over 40000 square meters with a weight of approximately more than 100000 tons. The foundation consumed more than 190 piles with each pile measuring one and a half meter in cross-sectional length and 45 meters long. According to the parameters used in the construction of the foundation, the statistics show that it averages a total weight of about 500000 tons. The concrete used in the foundation was designed to have a high density with very minimal permeability. The foundation itself has got a highly efficient cathodic protection system that assists in the prevention of the damaging effect from the corrosive and highly reactive chemicals present in the underground water.The Burj Khalifa building is extensively clustered in that it is designed to have an air conditioned emergency floors at an interval of every 35 floors to safety purposes. The concrete used at each and every floor...

Outsourcing A Competitive Advantage Essay - 1427 Words

In analyzing the second reason listed for why outsourcing is used; ‘inability to attract the highest caliber of employees to job functions that may be peripheral to the organization’s core discipline’, companies employ a different kind of outsourcing tactic. This reason leads to offshore outsourcing solutions. If a company cannot attract high caliber domestic employees to job functions secondary to their main function then they seek help where labor may be less expensive and more efficient. Offshoring attracts much more criticism when it comes to outsourcing. When a business considers leveraging offshore outsourcing in order to gain a competitive advantage there are a few definitive reasons. Many of those reasons revolve around an inability to hire domestic labor for the required job as mentioned above. The U.S. has high living standards along with strict health regulations that don’t exist abroad. China’s lack of environmental standards is another d ifferentiating factor that gives their workforce a competitive advantage. As a result, China is able to keep their wages so low that it’s ultimately incomprehensible for business owners to justify not hiring there. China is one of our biggest labor competitors. The reason many US companies go to China for outsourcing is again, because of their workforce’s willingness to operate at low costs. Michael Zimmerman describes this as a disparity in worker â€Å"tolerance†. Where the low wages found in China are â€Å"far lower than U.S.Show MoreRelatedGaining Competitive Advantage Through Outsourcing8392 Words   |  34 PagesGaining competitive advantage through outsourcing Authors: Sarah Tagliapietra Peter Platan Ng Seow Li Ralph Schneider Executive Summary Today s escalating, competitive and demanding environment has forced players in the marketplace to be more efficient, to emphasize on a leaner organization and continuously innovate new procedures to keep ahead of competitors. Adding final consumer value to the product or service in the form of lower prices, quality and better service has become an essentialRead MoreEvaluation of the Competitive Advantage That Can Be Gained by Companies through IS/IT Outsourcing829 Words   |  4 Pagesmanagement. Third party to manage IT functions for the company. Outsourcing contract is part of the concept of a business process to a third party who has specific skills and services. It allows organizations to focus on their efficiency and manage resources efficiently. When considering the economics of the industry and emerging industries such as IT, business process outsourcing imposes huge market potential. Competitive advantages are an advantage that a firm has over its competitors, allowing it to generateRead MoreRBS Computer Failure Caused by Inexperienced Operative in India 1051 Words   |  5 Pagesof staff that was working for Royal Bank of Scotland, NatWest and Ulster Bank believe it’s situated in Hyderabad, India. This Company has been outsourcing their System from India and they as of recently faulted the disaster since they have been outsource the Indian staff that just been paid $9.00 compared and others. They have any proof that outsourcing company created the issue, and they cant do anything. They research the dangers or threat in outsource and more cautious in future. The issueRead MoreOutsourcing : Effect Of Outsourcing1631 Words   |  7 Pages OUTSOURCING : EFFECTS OF OUTSOURCING IN AMERICA DHANASHREE AROTE 83360 INDEX Serial No. Topic Page No. 1. Introduction 3 2. Benefits of Outsourcing 4. 3. Negative Effects 5 4. Managing Outsourcing 7 5. 6 Key Trends 8 6. Conclusion 8 7. References 9 INTRODUCTION In today’s global business competitive environment, business organizations must innovate and adapt new strategies to sustain revenue generation, value while remaining competitive. Organizations have embraced outsourcingRead MoreOutsourcing to Meet Customer Needs663 Words   |  3 Pagescritical methods is by outsourcing. By outsourcing, they could just focus only in creating better products to meets customer needs. Where, other departments in the company are outsourced. Company gained competitive advantages through real or actual value to customers that they provided. The organizations must know their products, services, customers, competitors, industry, related industries, and environment forces in determining how IT can provide them with competitive advantage. Not to mention, theyRead MoreGlobal Corporations Should Outsource Transactional Hr Functions1593 Words   |  7 Pagescore competencies in the business environment. HR outsourcing has been a prevalent topic since 1980’s, MNC’s have been outsourcing various HR functions such as legal activity, recruitment, pension, benefits, payroll etc. as a means to cut costs and shift it to the expertise service providers. The literature on HR outsourcing consists of ample evidence that shows the importance of maintaining an in-house strategic function, despite HR outsourcing according to the firm’s activities in the value chainRead MoreAnz Introduction1227 Words   |  5 Pagessecu rity risk as a consequence of ANZ Bank recent outsourcing strategy. This report discusses three main issues that ANZ Bank’s management may have to consider if it is to enhance strength and core competency. Customer value proposition Firstly, as ANZ Bank has stressed that ‘becomes a super regional bank’ is a core strategy objective (ANZ 2012), ANZ will have to consider the potential effect for customer value proposition as a result of recent outsourcing strategy. It has been pointed that the problemRead MoreThe Main Threats of IS/IT Outsourcing Essay535 Words   |  3 PagesCommonly use outsourcing and managed services for their company. Outsourcing of information technology is not new for those who work in the technology and banking sectors. Although this area is new on the IT areas, it is one that may be more prevalent in the workplace, especially when it comes to data security. This is because many banks do not have the expertise to gather all the information effectively. 2.1 Quality control In some cases, these organizations have to pay a high price for qualifiedRead MoreStrategic Outsourcing at Bharti Airtel Limited1532 Words   |  7 Pages(a). Problem Essay: The main problem Bharti Airtel Limited facing is â€Å"How to manage its capital expenditures for its operations and how to face the expected exponential growth and a competitive environment.† The challenges that the company is facing are 1. Keeping pace with expansion: Bharti’s customer base is growing at 100% per year. It has its mobile operations currently in 15 circles out of 25 in the country and its fixed line operations in 6 circles. So it is a huge challenge to keepRead MoreOutsourcing Of Aviation Maintenance Practices And The Effects Of Globalization1352 Words   |  6 Pages Outsourcing of Aviation Maintenance Practices and the Effects of Globalization Matthew Wilkerson Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide May 16, 2016 â€Æ' Abstract Within the aviation industry outsourced maintenance practices have become increasingly more prevalent to maintain current assets. There is generally three processes currently being utilized by the airline industry: outsourcing specific maintenance needs, in-house operations, and lastly, a hybrid approach, which entails a combination

Supply Side Economics Economic Policy - 804 Words

Do you ever wonder what economic policy is? Economic policy is actions that the government takes to influence the economy in different types of ways, or policies. The actions the government takes can include setting interest rates through the federal reserve, who handles all the money in currency. The government can also regulate how much money they use on different expenditures. The government also uses economic policy when they set tax rates. The types of policies are supply-side economics, demand-side economics, and monetary policy. This essay will cover all these policies. The first concept is supply-side economics. Supply-side economics is a theory that economists believe that economic growth can be most successfully created by putting more money into capital. This concept argues that by lowering barriers on production of goods, and services will also help the economy grow. The term supply-side economics was first believed to have been coined by journalist Jude Wanniski in 1 975, but other sources say that the idea originally came President Nixon s former economic advisor Herbert Stein. One way that supply-side economics was utilized in our history was during the presidency of Ronald Reagan. He planned to cut down tax rates by 30% during his presidency. He made this happen by relieving the tax payments of the rich, so they could invest more money in the economy. This stimulated jobs, and economic growth. Throughout his first term, tax rates were cut byShow MoreRelatedFiscal Policy, Crowding out, Supply-side, Economics1957 Words   |  8 Pages Economics Assignment #2 Question I. Fiscal Policy and the Crowding Out Effect. (a) What is the essence of the accounting identity (the so called saving investment identity) that the two distinguished professors refer to? Saving investment identity  is a concept in National Income accounting that states that the amount saved (S) in an economy is equal to the amount invested (I). It is an equilibrium expressed in terms of supply (S), andRead MoreThe Economic Policies Of Supply Side Economics1150 Words   |  5 Pageslies within a nation’s economic policy. Economic policy is the actions taken by a government to influence its economy. Types of economic policy actions can include setting interest rates through a federal reserve, regulating the level of government expenditures, creating private property rights, and setting tax rates. Economic policy hopes to accomplish economic growth and a stable economy. More specifically, the federal government hopes to accomplish stable prices, economic growth, and full employmentRead MoreUS Economy Under Reagan in the 20th Century557 Words   |  2 PagesReagan in the 20th Century The 20th century economics in the United States were heavily determined by Reagan’s economic policies and political legacies, which eventually resulted in free market expansion. Ronal Reagan, the 40th president of the US, contributed significantly to the boom in America’s economy. A few of the major things he stressed on included controlling inflation, expanding free market, and established major economic laws and policies. When Reagan took office, the economy was experiencingRead More Supply Side Economics Will Benefit the Economy Essay examples636 Words   |  3 PagesSupply-Side economics and policies would best benefit the economy in the case of a recession next year. Supply-side policies are made of several important points to regulate the economy. Supply-side policies consist of stimulating the economy by production, cutting taxes, and limiting government regulations to increase incentives for businesses and individuals. Businesses then would invest more and expand to create jobs for people who would save and spend more money. Thus, increased investmentRead MoreSupply Side And Trickle Down Economics1356 Words   |  6 PagesReaganomics—also known as supply-side and trickle-down economics—is an economic policy practiced by presidents Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover in the twenties and most recently, by the fortieth president of the United States, Ronald Reagan. Just like the state of the economy before Reagan stepped into office, the economy of the United States today is in a vulnerable place. The economy has taken multiple blows over the last few years: a recession in 2008, a close call in 2011Read MoreThe E conomic Theories Of Supply Side Economics1485 Words   |  6 PagesSupply-side economics is better known as Reaganomics, or the trickle-down economic policy. It is an economic philosophy that conveys the notion greater tax cuts for investors and entrepreneurs provide incentives to save and invest. This economic theory goes further to suggest that in turn, there are economic benefits which will trickle down into the overall economy. The key to answering whether supply side was successful is grounded in a sound understanding of what it is. Like most economicRead MoreThe Decade Of The 1980 S1423 Words   |  6 PagesThe decade of the 1980 s experienced a massive sorts of changes in economics and culture, this requires a certain analysis of the time and the way culture became intertwined with economics. The culture transformed and allowed the decade to be read as an experience of cultural products between culture and economy. Through the conspicuous consumption of the decade, the 1980s encouraged a cultural shift towards complete commodification (what is this) and interaction with the market. Ronald ReaganRead MoreThe Impact Of Economic Policies On The Economy1045 Words   |  5 Pagesto understand the principles and policies that make up our economy. Although many are unaware, the economic decisions made by the Feds, congress, and the president affect how individuals live, invest, and purchase on a day to day basis. As economic policies fluctuate and the value of the dollar increases or decreases, the demand, supply , and prices of goods fluctuate and determine individual s standards of living and how they consume. Whichever economic policies are currently in effect determinesRead MoreImpact of Reaganomics on the American Economy 1014 Words   |  5 PagesKeynesian economics to pull itself out of this low. During the election of 1980, Ronald Reagan’s campaign focused on a new stream of economic policy. His objective was to turn the economy into â€Å"a healthy, vigorous, growing economy [which would provide] equal opportunities for all Americans, with no barriers born of bigotry or discrimination.† Reagan’s policy, later known as ‘Reaganomics’, entailed a four-point plan which cut taxes, reduced government spending, created anti-inflationary policy, and deregulatedRead MoreSupply-Side Economics: History and Relevance2977 Words   |  12 PagesSupply-Side Economics: Its History and Relevance Today. â€Å"Supply-side economics provided the political and theoretical foundation for a remarkable number of tax cuts in the United States and other countries during the eighties. Supply-side economics stresses the impact of tax rates on the incentives for people to produce and to use resources efficiently.† -James D. Gwartney Introduction The theory of supply-side economics has several labels associated with it, some positive and

HR Strategy Employed at County General

Question: Describe about the HR Strategy Employed at County General? Answer: HR Strategy Employed at County General Internal Orientation The HR strategy pursued by the Count General is internal labor orientation. The reason is that the increased turnover that is experienced is causing the organization a lot of losses in terms of manpower as well as finances. According to Tortosa Edo et al. (2015), when there are increased turnover in the organization there is a message passed to the organization. The HR strategy is to take care of attrition that occurs due to the labor market. Employees get prone to looking for organizations that offer competitive remuneration. It is with this that the organization through the HR section need to re-examine at the employees remuneration, so that best employee gets retained (Tortosa Edo et al., 2015), Programs to Reduce Turn-over To reduce high turnover experienced, the organization needs to employ programs that make employees stay on the job. These are programs that create an environment that employees will not have the option of leaving the company. The following two programs are best in reducing turnover in the organization. Flexibility Program First is flexibility program. It permits employees to feel that they are of value in the organization; illustrate that their needs get recognized as well as respected. The type of program gives the picture of the organization and thus the prospects. The presentation of work-life balance where there is flexible time is an aspect that creates competitiveness in hiring as well as retaining workforces (Ramaseshan, 2015). On-boarding Program The other aspect of the program that requires being implemented is the onboarding program. It is a type of program that acclimatizes the employee into the culture of the company, essential training, and the expectations that are needed so that they succeed in new positions. The program is essential in that it save the organization in constant investment in workforces who are not suitable for the job (Ramaseshan, 2015). The Stakeholders Benefits of Reducing Turnover The stakeholders are the people who are connected to the company in one way or another. They make the business run since each of them has a role to play. These roles are unique, and the company processes will not run without the stakeholder. There is the reduction of expenses that an organization during recruitment of new employees. When the turnover is low, the organization saves and cut costs that are not expected to take place. The stakeholders, in the long run, will get enhanced proceeds. Additionally, since best talents get retained, clients service provision will not be hindered and hence constant customer flow is constant. On the side of employees, work is not hindered as well. The employees will get to deliver work as expected since all employees are working on assigned task that does not overwhelm. The assurance is that there is productivity which increases. It, in turn, direct to high sales volume to the organization. On the part of management, there will be less administrative costs that come along with employees like healthcare, exit interviews, orientation as well as the costs of training (Schenkel et al., 2015). References Ramaseshan, B. (2015). Effects of realistic job information and interviewer affect on retail employee turnover. In Proceedings of the 1994 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 181-181). Springer International Publishing. Schenkel, M., Krikke, H., Canils, M. C., van der Laan, E. (2015). Creating integral value for stakeholders in closed loop supply chains. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management. Tortosa Edo, V., Llorens-Monzons, J., Moliner-Tena, M. ., Snchez-Garca, J. (2015). The influence of internal market orientation on external outcomes: the mediating role of employees' attitudes. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 25(4).